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I don’t know if you’ve ever listened to a full choir, such as the National Youth Choir of Great Britain, in a big venue such as the Royal Albert Hall?
That is true polyphony.
The word comes from the Greek meaning ‘many sounds‘ and it relates to the texture of the music.

So how does that work with an instrument?
On a regular acoustic piano, there will be the ability to have unlimited polyphony, but obviously a digital piano is created through recorded sampling, so there will be limitations.
What you are looking for with a digital piano is a high number for the polyphony. You need the ability for as many sounds as possible to play together.
This will enable you to play rich chords with sequences and also to layer sounds if you split your keyboard. If you have a low polyphony (for example 16 – although few modern digital pianos and keyboards will have that low a number), you will find that once you have exceeded this, sounds will disappear and it will become thin.
So let’s say you play a chord with four notes in the left hand, over the top there is a melody of semi quavers (four in total to equal the crotchet chord in the left hand). You then put down your sustain pedal (you are now holding 8 notes), if you then try to add a couple of new four-note chords you will soon exceed a 16 note polyphony and your initial sounds will disappear.
Still with me?
Furthermore, if you choose the split function or start to layer on an instrument such as the Yamaha Genos so you can play with backing, you’ll soon experience limitations of sound when you easily exceed a low polyphony. How is this?
Well, let’s say that you use piano and strings, the polyphony also takes into account the number of voices. A four-note chord played with piano and strings combined, is actually eight. Then you add your other hand, this plays trumpet and horn, a further eight notes:
Violin – 4 + Piano – 4 = 8 in right hand
Trumpet – 4 + Horn – 4 = 8 in left hand.
Add a drum backing and this will also use the sounds, so that’s more to add – all within one chord!
Add your sustain pedal to hold these chords and you can see how it does soon start to build up. Hence why the Yamaha Genos, Yamaha DGX670 and the Clavinova series all have 256 note polyphony to give you the best from your performance.

I hope that this quick introduction will help you to understand what polyphony is and why it is important on digital pianos.
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